Verify Tramadol

Drug JSON

This is exactly what your browser canonicalizes + SHA-256-hashes

{
  "slug": "tramadol",
  "nameEn": "Tramadol",
  "nameTh": "ทรามาดอล",
  "class": "Opioid analgesic — weak mu agonist + SNRI",
  "mechanism": "ออกฤทธิ์ระงับปวดสองทาง: เป็น weak mu agonist และยับยั้งการเก็บกลับ serotonin/norepinephrine (SNRI); ในสุนัขการเปลี่ยนเป็น metabolite ออกฤทธิ์ (M1) ต่ำกว่าในคน จึงประสิทธิภาพระงับปวดเดี่ยวอาจจำกัด",
  "brandNamesTh": [
    "Tramal",
    "Ultram"
  ],
  "indications": [
    {
      "text": "ระงับปวดเบาถึงปานกลาง มักใช้เสริมกับ NSAID; หลักฐานประสิทธิภาพในสุนัขยังถกเถียง (M1 metabolite ต่ำ)",
      "cites": [
        "petplace-tramadol",
        "dvm360-analgesia"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "contraindications": [
    {
      "text": "ระวังเมื่อใช้ร่วมยาที่เพิ่ม serotonin (SSRI, MAOI) เสี่ยง serotonin syndrome; ลดขนาดในตับ/ไตบกพร่อง; naloxone แก้ฤทธิ์ได้เพียงบางส่วน",
      "cites": [
        "petplace-tramadol"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sideEffects": [
    {
      "text": "ง่วงซึม, ท้องไส้ปั่นป่วน, อาจชักหากขนาดสูง; เสี่ยง serotonin syndrome เมื่อใช้ร่วมยา serotonergic",
      "cites": [
        "petplace-tramadol"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "dosages": [
    {
      "species": "canine",
      "indication": "Mild–moderate pain",
      "route": "PO",
      "dose": "2–4 mg/kg PO ทุก 8–12 ชั่วโมง (ช่วงกว้างถึง 4–10 mg/kg ทุก 8 ชั่วโมง)",
      "cites": [
        "petplace-tramadol",
        "dvm360-analgesia"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "citations": [
    {
      "id": "dvm360-analgesia",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "Analgesic drugs and sedatives (Proceedings) — dvm360",
      "year": 2024,
      "url": "https://www.dvm360.com/view/analgesic-drugs-and-sedatives-proceedings",
      "note": "Veterinary CE proceedings — opioid dose ranges for dogs and cats. Secondary clinical reference.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "petplace-tramadol",
      "type": "monograph",
      "title": "Tramadol Hydrochloride (Ultram) for Dogs and Cats — PetPlace",
      "year": 2024,
      "url": "https://www.petplace.com/article/drug-library/drug-library/library/tramadol-hydrochloride-ultram-for-dogs-and-cats",
      "note": "Clinical drug-library reference — canine dosing. Secondary reference; naloxone only partially reverses tramadol.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "dailymed-tramadol",
      "type": "regulatory-database",
      "title": "Tramadol — NLM DailyMed (FDA Structured Product Labeling)",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=tramadol",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: FDA-approved labeling. Search by name returns relevant product labelings.",
      "cid": "de1a1fed6ce2a388def527f622278fed12b53c7662b25366210af0c1a7f03080"
    },
    {
      "id": "atc-N02AX02",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "ATC N02AX02 — Tramadol",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=N02AX02&showdescription=no",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: WHO Collaborating Centre ATC/DDD index. Authoritative drug classification.",
      "cid": "81ad72cc9bb2ad429843e461ece4199207b9313da1d71abafcdbca2913668a40"
    },
    {
      "id": "pubchem-tramadol",
      "type": "monograph",
      "title": "Tramadol — PubChem search",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=Tramadol",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: chemical structure, identifiers, pharmacology summary. Faculty review fills exact CID.",
      "cid": "05555a090c664dcf9f94d1e11b44b7df7340bac0807979c9c2216fbf1ce2cd40"
    },
    {
      "id": "who-eml-22",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (22nd List, 2021)",
      "year": 2021,
      "url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2021.02",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: drug appears on WHO EML — WHO recognizes its place in basic healthcare.",
      "cid": "71030c795c4e0c0cff56566bfc9ae4ed448eab9188ae68ce773a50d9f7fc53eb"
    },
    {
      "id": "wsava-pain-2022",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "WSAVA Global Pain Council — Guidelines for Recognition, Assessment and Treatment of Pain",
      "year": 2022,
      "url": "https://wsava.org/global-guidelines/global-pain-council-guidelines/",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: WSAVA global vet community standard for pain management.",
      "cid": "4f3dfbc8262369e4ed25263fc5fd4051710cda271692dda3c34ef6bcf96b22aa"
    }
  ],
  "mirroredFrom": [
    {
      "id": "dailymed",
      "name": "NLM DailyMed",
      "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=tramadol",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "U.S. Government work — public domain. Attribution recommended."
    },
    {
      "id": "atc",
      "name": "WHO ATC Classification",
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=N02AX02&showdescription=no",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "WHO publication, free for use with attribution"
    },
    {
      "id": "pubchem",
      "name": "PubChem (NIH/NLM)",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=Tramadol",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "NIH/NLM public domain"
    },
    {
      "id": "who-eml",
      "name": "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (22nd List, 2021)",
      "url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2021.02",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO"
    },
    {
      "id": "wsava-pain",
      "name": "WSAVA Global Pain Council guidelines",
      "url": "https://wsava.org/global-guidelines/global-pain-council-guidelines/",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "Free for educational use with attribution"
    }
  ],
  "mirrorCIDs": [
    {
      "sourceId": "dailymed",
      "cid": "de1a1fed6ce2a388def527f622278fed12b53c7662b25366210af0c1a7f03080",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "atc",
      "cid": "81ad72cc9bb2ad429843e461ece4199207b9313da1d71abafcdbca2913668a40",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "pubchem",
      "cid": "05555a090c664dcf9f94d1e11b44b7df7340bac0807979c9c2216fbf1ce2cd40",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "who-eml",
      "cid": "71030c795c4e0c0cff56566bfc9ae4ed448eab9188ae68ce773a50d9f7fc53eb",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "wsava-pain",
      "cid": "4f3dfbc8262369e4ed25263fc5fd4051710cda271692dda3c34ef6bcf96b22aa",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    }
  ],
  "codes": {
    "atc": {
      "code": "N02AX02",
      "name": "Tramadol",
      "level": 5
    },
    "rxnorm": {
      "cui": "10689",
      "name": "Tramadol"
    }
  },
  "drafting": {
    "aiAssisted": false,
    "aiModel": null,
    "aiPromptHash": null,
    "humanReviewer": "palmzamak2547",
    "humanReviewedAt": "2026-05-27",
    "humanEditsRatio": null
  },
  "signatures": [],
  "reviewedBy": null,
  "lastUpdated": "2026-05-27",
  "version": 1,
  "changelog": [
    {
      "version": 0,
      "date": "2026-05-27",
      "summary": "Seed entry — cross-checked from 5 authoritative sources (NLM DailyMed, WHO ATC Classification, PubChem (NIH/NLM), WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (22nd List, 2021), WSAVA Global Pain Council guidelines). ATC N02AX02 + RxNorm 10689. Thai translation + faculty review pending."
    },
    {
      "version": 1,
      "date": "2026-05-27",
      "summary": "Clinical content compiled from cited sources — tramadol dog 2–4 mg/kg q8–12h + dual mechanism + canine-efficacy caveat verified against PetPlace + dvm360. Every statement cited. Reviewed by palmzamak2547. Pending faculty canonical signature."
    }
  ]
}

Public keys used

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