Verify Spironolactone

Drug JSON

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{
  "slug": "spironolactone",
  "nameEn": "Spironolactone",
  "nameTh": "สไปโรโนแลกโทน",
  "class": "Potassium-sparing diuretic — aldosterone antagonist",
  "mechanism": "ยาขับปัสสาวะกลุ่ม K-sparing ออกฤทธิ์ต้าน aldosterone ที่ distal tubule; ฤทธิ์ขับปัสสาวะอ่อนแต่ลด aldosterone-mediated cardiac remodeling และเก็บ K+ ไว้",
  "brandNamesTh": [
    "Aldactone",
    "Prilactone"
  ],
  "indications": [
    {
      "text": "เสริมการรักษา CHF (1 ใน 4 ยาหลัก) เพื่อต้าน aldosterone escape และลด remodeling ของหัวใจ; ใช้ร่วม furosemide + pimobendan + ACE inhibitor",
      "cites": [
        "acvim-dmvd",
        "merck-diuretics"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "contraindications": [
    {
      "text": "ระวัง hyperkalemia โดยเฉพาะเมื่อใช้ร่วม ACE inhibitor หรือในไตบกพร่อง; ในแมวอาจเกิดแผลที่ผิวหนังบริเวณหน้า (facial dermatitis) ในบางพันธุ์",
      "cites": [
        "merck-diuretics"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sideEffects": [
    {
      "text": "hyperkalemia, GI upset; facial excoriation ในแมว Maine Coon ที่รายงาน; ฤทธิ์ขับปัสสาวะอ่อน",
      "cites": [
        "merck-diuretics"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "dosages": [
    {
      "species": "canine",
      "indication": "CHF adjunct (anti-aldosterone)",
      "route": "PO",
      "dose": "1–2 mg/kg PO ทุก 12 ชั่วโมง",
      "cites": [
        "acvim-dmvd",
        "merck-diuretics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "species": "feline",
      "indication": "CHF adjunct",
      "route": "PO",
      "dose": "1–2 mg/kg PO ทุก 12–24 ชั่วโมง",
      "cites": [
        "merck-diuretics"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "citations": [
    {
      "id": "merck-diuretics",
      "type": "textbook",
      "title": "Diuretics for Use in Animals — MSD/Merck Veterinary Manual",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/systemic-pharmacotherapeutics-of-the-cardiovascular-system/diuretics-for-use-in-animals",
      "note": "Merck cardiovascular pharmacology — diuretic dosing + furosemide resistance. Copyrighted, cited not mirrored.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "acvim-dmvd",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "ACVIM Consensus: diagnosis + treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs",
      "year": 2019,
      "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jvim.15488",
      "note": "ACVIM consensus (J Vet Intern Med) — CHF therapy quartet (furosemide + pimobendan + ACEi + spironolactone). Authoritative.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "dailymed-spironolactone",
      "type": "regulatory-database",
      "title": "Spironolactone — NLM DailyMed (FDA Structured Product Labeling)",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=spironolactone",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: FDA-approved labeling. Search by name returns relevant product labelings.",
      "cid": "896842f152b73e1034c71b08dc8a877098f9b6ecf60f40557ae5560576c4ea7b"
    },
    {
      "id": "atc-C03DA01",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "ATC C03DA01 — Spironolactone",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=C03DA01&showdescription=no",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: WHO Collaborating Centre ATC/DDD index. Authoritative drug classification.",
      "cid": "8e0e2152f639a4ae13152c1861c6ab34b4d786b75c22fe2555bed39277c2a8d5"
    },
    {
      "id": "pubchem-spironolactone",
      "type": "monograph",
      "title": "Spironolactone — PubChem search",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=Spironolactone",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: chemical structure, identifiers, pharmacology summary. Faculty review fills exact CID.",
      "cid": "032eba34a1fbbaf0a72a724895dbdfef87f6d7a84393ec3b0020c705404521ca"
    },
    {
      "id": "who-eml-22",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (22nd List, 2021)",
      "year": 2021,
      "url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2021.02",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: drug appears on WHO EML — WHO recognizes its place in basic healthcare.",
      "cid": "71030c795c4e0c0cff56566bfc9ae4ed448eab9188ae68ce773a50d9f7fc53eb"
    }
  ],
  "mirroredFrom": [
    {
      "id": "dailymed",
      "name": "NLM DailyMed",
      "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=spironolactone",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "U.S. Government work — public domain. Attribution recommended."
    },
    {
      "id": "atc",
      "name": "WHO ATC Classification",
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=C03DA01&showdescription=no",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "WHO publication, free for use with attribution"
    },
    {
      "id": "pubchem",
      "name": "PubChem (NIH/NLM)",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=Spironolactone",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "NIH/NLM public domain"
    },
    {
      "id": "who-eml",
      "name": "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (22nd List, 2021)",
      "url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2021.02",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO"
    }
  ],
  "mirrorCIDs": [
    {
      "sourceId": "dailymed",
      "cid": "896842f152b73e1034c71b08dc8a877098f9b6ecf60f40557ae5560576c4ea7b",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "atc",
      "cid": "8e0e2152f639a4ae13152c1861c6ab34b4d786b75c22fe2555bed39277c2a8d5",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "pubchem",
      "cid": "032eba34a1fbbaf0a72a724895dbdfef87f6d7a84393ec3b0020c705404521ca",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "who-eml",
      "cid": "71030c795c4e0c0cff56566bfc9ae4ed448eab9188ae68ce773a50d9f7fc53eb",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    }
  ],
  "codes": {
    "atc": {
      "code": "C03DA01",
      "name": "Spironolactone",
      "level": 5
    },
    "rxnorm": {
      "cui": "9997",
      "name": "Spironolactone"
    }
  },
  "drafting": {
    "aiAssisted": false,
    "aiModel": null,
    "aiPromptHash": null,
    "humanReviewer": "palmzamak2547",
    "humanReviewedAt": "2026-05-27",
    "humanEditsRatio": null
  },
  "signatures": [],
  "reviewedBy": null,
  "lastUpdated": "2026-05-27",
  "version": 1,
  "changelog": [
    {
      "version": 0,
      "date": "2026-05-27",
      "summary": "Seed entry — cross-checked from 4 authoritative sources (NLM DailyMed, WHO ATC Classification, PubChem (NIH/NLM), WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (22nd List, 2021)). ATC C03DA01 + RxNorm 9997. Thai translation + faculty review pending."
    },
    {
      "version": 1,
      "date": "2026-05-27",
      "summary": "Clinical content compiled from cited sources — spironolactone 1–2 mg/kg q12h verified against Merck diuretics + ACVIM DMVD consensus. Every statement cited. Reviewed by palmzamak2547. Pending faculty canonical signature."
    }
  ]
}

Public keys used

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