Verify Phenobarbital

Drug JSON

This is exactly what your browser canonicalizes + SHA-256-hashes

{
  "slug": "phenobarbital",
  "nameEn": "Phenobarbital",
  "nameTh": "ฟีโนบาร์บิทัล",
  "class": "Anticonvulsant — barbiturate (first-line canine epilepsy)",
  "mechanism": "barbiturate เสริมการทำงานของ GABA-A receptor เพิ่ม chloride influx ยับยั้งการนำสัญญาณประสาท จึงกันชัก; เป็นยาเลือกแรกของโรคลมชักในสุนัขและแมว",
  "brandNamesTh": [
    "Luminal"
  ],
  "indications": [
    {
      "text": "รักษาโรคลมชัก (idiopathic epilepsy) ในสุนัขและแมวเป็นยาเลือกแรก; ควบคุมชักได้ในสัตว์ส่วนใหญ่",
      "cites": [
        "merck-epilepsy"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "contraindications": [
    {
      "text": "⚠️ เป็นพิษต่อตับเมื่อใช้นาน — ห้าม/ระวังในโรคตับ; เป็น hepatic enzyme inducer ทำให้เกิด drug interaction; ห้ามหยุดกะทันหัน (เสี่ยงชักถี่/status epilepticus)",
      "cites": [
        "merck-epilepsy"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sideEffects": [
    {
      "text": "ช่วงแรก: ง่วงซึม เดินเซ (หายใน 1–2 สัปดาห์), PU/PD, polyphagia; ใช้นาน: ตับเป็นพิษ, เม็ดเลือดผิดปกติ (พบน้อย)",
      "cites": [
        "merck-epilepsy"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "dosages": [
    {
      "species": "canine",
      "indication": "Idiopathic epilepsy",
      "route": "PO",
      "dose": "2–3 mg/kg PO ทุก 12 ชั่วโมง แล้วปรับตามระดับยาในเลือดและการคุมชัก",
      "cites": [
        "merck-epilepsy"
      ]
    },
    {
      "species": "feline",
      "indication": "Epilepsy",
      "route": "PO",
      "dose": "2–3 mg/kg PO ทุก 12 ชั่วโมง",
      "cites": [
        "merck-epilepsy"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "citations": [
    {
      "id": "merck-epilepsy",
      "type": "textbook",
      "title": "Epilepsy in Small Animals — MSD/Merck Veterinary Manual",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/nervous-system/epilepsy-in-small-animals/epilepsy-in-small-animals",
      "note": "Merck neurology reference — phenobarbital dosing + therapeutic monitoring. Copyrighted, cited not mirrored.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "dailymed-phenobarbital",
      "type": "regulatory-database",
      "title": "Phenobarbital — NLM DailyMed (FDA Structured Product Labeling)",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=phenobarbital",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: FDA-approved labeling. Search by name returns relevant product labelings.",
      "cid": "56b6fc8a657fbe1ccd773c5c987b7951260df88ed2d17047cd829b0f52b71ec9"
    },
    {
      "id": "atc-N03AA02",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "ATC N03AA02 — Phenobarbital",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=N03AA02&showdescription=no",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: WHO Collaborating Centre ATC/DDD index. Authoritative drug classification.",
      "cid": "f28706de715f6932ec52f78700e45d324b51c24be7a82ce1b9e84f70d64bd1ea"
    },
    {
      "id": "pubchem-phenobarbital",
      "type": "monograph",
      "title": "Phenobarbital — PubChem search",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=Phenobarbital",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: chemical structure, identifiers, pharmacology summary. Faculty review fills exact CID.",
      "cid": "b7e1237c1b7ab33404307c7901715325467160e57615dfafde53fae00c79e482"
    },
    {
      "id": "who-eml-22",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (22nd List, 2021)",
      "year": 2021,
      "url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2021.02",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: drug appears on WHO EML — WHO recognizes its place in basic healthcare.",
      "cid": "71030c795c4e0c0cff56566bfc9ae4ed448eab9188ae68ce773a50d9f7fc53eb"
    }
  ],
  "mirroredFrom": [
    {
      "id": "dailymed",
      "name": "NLM DailyMed",
      "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=phenobarbital",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "U.S. Government work — public domain. Attribution recommended."
    },
    {
      "id": "atc",
      "name": "WHO ATC Classification",
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=N03AA02&showdescription=no",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "WHO publication, free for use with attribution"
    },
    {
      "id": "pubchem",
      "name": "PubChem (NIH/NLM)",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=Phenobarbital",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "NIH/NLM public domain"
    },
    {
      "id": "who-eml",
      "name": "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (22nd List, 2021)",
      "url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2021.02",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO"
    }
  ],
  "mirrorCIDs": [
    {
      "sourceId": "dailymed",
      "cid": "56b6fc8a657fbe1ccd773c5c987b7951260df88ed2d17047cd829b0f52b71ec9",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "atc",
      "cid": "f28706de715f6932ec52f78700e45d324b51c24be7a82ce1b9e84f70d64bd1ea",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "pubchem",
      "cid": "b7e1237c1b7ab33404307c7901715325467160e57615dfafde53fae00c79e482",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "who-eml",
      "cid": "71030c795c4e0c0cff56566bfc9ae4ed448eab9188ae68ce773a50d9f7fc53eb",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    }
  ],
  "codes": {
    "atc": {
      "code": "N03AA02",
      "name": "Phenobarbital",
      "level": 5
    },
    "rxnorm": {
      "cui": "8134",
      "name": "Phenobarbital"
    }
  },
  "drafting": {
    "aiAssisted": false,
    "aiModel": null,
    "aiPromptHash": null,
    "humanReviewer": "palmzamak2547",
    "humanReviewedAt": "2026-05-27",
    "humanEditsRatio": null
  },
  "signatures": [],
  "reviewedBy": null,
  "lastUpdated": "2026-05-27",
  "version": 1,
  "changelog": [
    {
      "version": 0,
      "date": "2026-05-27",
      "summary": "Seed entry — cross-checked from 4 authoritative sources (NLM DailyMed, WHO ATC Classification, PubChem (NIH/NLM), WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (22nd List, 2021)). ATC N03AA02 + RxNorm 8134. Thai translation + faculty review pending."
    },
    {
      "version": 1,
      "date": "2026-05-27",
      "summary": "Clinical content compiled from cited sources — phenobarbital 2–3 mg/kg q12h + hepatotoxicity + serum-level monitoring verified against Merck epilepsy. Every statement cited. Reviewed by palmzamak2547. Pending faculty canonical signature."
    }
  ],
  "monitoring": [
    {
      "text": "ตรวจระดับ serum phenobarbital ที่ 2–3 สัปดาห์หลังเริ่ม/ปรับขนาด; ตรวจค่าตับ (รวม bile acids) ทุก 6 เดือนเมื่อใช้นาน",
      "cites": [
        "merck-epilepsy"
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Public keys used

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