Verify Ketoconazole

Drug JSON

This is exactly what your browser canonicalizes + SHA-256-hashes

{
  "slug": "ketoconazole",
  "nameEn": "Ketoconazole",
  "nameTh": "คีโตโคนาโซล",
  "class": "Antifungal — imidazole (systemic, hepatotoxic)",
  "mechanism": "ยาต้านเชื้อรากลุ่ม imidazole ยับยั้ง 14-α-demethylase (CYP450) ขัดขวางการสร้าง ergosterol ของเยื่อหุ้มเซลล์เชื้อรา; ยับยั้ง CYP ของ host ด้วยจึงมี drug interaction มากและกระทบฮอร์โมน",
  "brandNamesTh": [
    "Nizoral"
  ],
  "indications": [
    {
      "text": "การติดเชื้อราในระบบและผิวหนัง (dermatophytosis, Malassezia, ระบบบางชนิด); ปัจจุบันถูกแทนที่ด้วย azole รุ่นใหม่ที่ปลอดภัยกว่า (itraconazole, fluconazole)",
      "cites": [
        "merck-antifungal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "contraindications": [
    {
      "text": "⚠️ เป็นพิษต่อตับ (hepatotoxic) — แมวไวเป็นพิเศษ; ห้าม/ระวังมากในโรคตับ; ยับยั้ง CYP450 ทำให้เกิด drug interaction รุนแรง; กดการสร้าง cortisol/steroid",
      "cites": [
        "merck-antifungal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sideEffects": [
    {
      "text": "เบื่ออาหาร อาเจียน (โดยเฉพาะแมว), ตับอักเสบ/เอนไซม์ตับสูง, กดฮอร์โมน adrenal/sex steroid; drug interaction มาก",
      "cites": [
        "merck-antifungal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "dosages": [
    {
      "species": "canine",
      "indication": "Systemic / cutaneous mycosis",
      "route": "PO",
      "dose": "10–15 mg/kg PO ทุก 12–24 ชั่วโมง (ให้พร้อมอาหาร)",
      "cites": [
        "merck-antifungal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "species": "feline",
      "indication": "Mycosis (use with caution)",
      "route": "PO",
      "dose": "5–10 mg/kg PO ทุก 12–24 ชั่วโมง — ⚠️ แมวไวต่อพิษตับ, นิยม itraconazole แทน",
      "cites": [
        "merck-antifungal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "citations": [
    {
      "id": "merck-antifungal",
      "type": "textbook",
      "title": "Antifungal Agents — MSD/Merck Veterinary Manual",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/antifungal-agents/antifungal-agents-introduction",
      "note": "Merck antifungal pharmacology — azole dosing + ketoconazole hepatotoxicity. Copyrighted, cited not mirrored.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "dailymed-ketoconazole",
      "type": "regulatory-database",
      "title": "Ketoconazole — NLM DailyMed (FDA Structured Product Labeling)",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=ketoconazole",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: FDA-approved labeling. Search by name returns relevant product labelings.",
      "cid": "3b5b9702858fc374bf946286b80562656e8a6913a6ca2d4b9baafd17a466433e"
    },
    {
      "id": "atc-J02AB02",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "ATC J02AB02 — Ketoconazole",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J02AB02&showdescription=no",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: WHO Collaborating Centre ATC/DDD index. Authoritative drug classification.",
      "cid": "c27ecb21f0eb169205552fca15d2eb31956f6b70cbda2f5e60660f1e8a5a8145"
    },
    {
      "id": "pubchem-ketoconazole",
      "type": "monograph",
      "title": "Ketoconazole — PubChem search",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=Ketoconazole",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: chemical structure, identifiers, pharmacology summary. Faculty review fills exact CID.",
      "cid": "63cf6ee6037f124c85a1912ec463786059e29f9fe87f4b9e737831989774b842"
    }
  ],
  "mirroredFrom": [
    {
      "id": "dailymed",
      "name": "NLM DailyMed",
      "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=ketoconazole",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "U.S. Government work — public domain. Attribution recommended."
    },
    {
      "id": "atc",
      "name": "WHO ATC Classification",
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J02AB02&showdescription=no",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "WHO publication, free for use with attribution"
    },
    {
      "id": "pubchem",
      "name": "PubChem (NIH/NLM)",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=Ketoconazole",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "NIH/NLM public domain"
    }
  ],
  "mirrorCIDs": [
    {
      "sourceId": "dailymed",
      "cid": "3b5b9702858fc374bf946286b80562656e8a6913a6ca2d4b9baafd17a466433e",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "atc",
      "cid": "c27ecb21f0eb169205552fca15d2eb31956f6b70cbda2f5e60660f1e8a5a8145",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "pubchem",
      "cid": "63cf6ee6037f124c85a1912ec463786059e29f9fe87f4b9e737831989774b842",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    }
  ],
  "codes": {
    "atc": {
      "code": "J02AB02",
      "name": "Ketoconazole",
      "level": 5
    },
    "rxnorm": {
      "cui": "6135",
      "name": "Ketoconazole"
    }
  },
  "drafting": {
    "aiAssisted": false,
    "aiModel": null,
    "aiPromptHash": null,
    "humanReviewer": "palmzamak2547",
    "humanReviewedAt": "2026-05-27",
    "humanEditsRatio": null
  },
  "signatures": [],
  "reviewedBy": null,
  "lastUpdated": "2026-05-27",
  "version": 1,
  "changelog": [
    {
      "version": 0,
      "date": "2026-05-27",
      "summary": "Seed entry — cross-checked from 3 authoritative sources (NLM DailyMed, WHO ATC Classification, PubChem (NIH/NLM)). ATC J02AB02 + RxNorm 6135. Thai translation + faculty review pending."
    },
    {
      "version": 1,
      "date": "2026-05-27",
      "summary": "Clinical content compiled from cited sources — ketoconazole dog 10–15 mg/kg, cat 5–10 mg/kg with prominent hepatotoxicity (feline-sensitive) + CYP-interaction warnings verified against Merck antifungal. Every statement cited. Reviewed by palmzamak2547. Pending faculty canonical signature."
    }
  ],
  "monitoring": [
    {
      "text": "ตรวจเอนไซม์ตับก่อนและระหว่างใช้; หยุดยาหากเบื่ออาหาร/อาเจียน/ดีซ่าน",
      "cites": [
        "merck-antifungal"
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Public keys used

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