Verify Enalapril

Drug JSON

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{
  "slug": "enalapril",
  "nameEn": "Enalapril",
  "nameTh": "อีนาลาพริล",
  "class": "ACE inhibitor — RAAS blockade",
  "mechanism": "ยับยั้ง angiotensin-converting enzyme ลดการสร้าง angiotensin II จึงขยายหลอดเลือดและลด afterload/preload; เป็น prodrug เปลี่ยนเป็น enalaprilat ที่ตับ (ต่างจาก benazepril ที่ขับทางตับ+ไต — enalapril ขับทางไตเป็นหลัก)",
  "brandNamesTh": [
    "Enacard",
    "Vasotec"
  ],
  "indications": [
    {
      "text": "รักษา CHF (เป็นยาเสริมร่วม furosemide + pimobendan) และ proteinuric kidney disease; ทางเลือกแทน benazepril",
      "cites": [
        "merck-enalapril",
        "tufts-cardiorush-b"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "contraindications": [
    {
      "text": "ห้ามใช้ในภาวะขาดน้ำ/ความดันต่ำ, ตีบหลอดเลือดไตสองข้าง; ระวัง hyperkalemia เมื่อใช้ร่วม spironolactone; ปรับลดในไตบกพร่อง (ขับทางไตมากกว่า benazepril); หลีกเลี่ยงในสัตว์ตั้งท้อง",
      "cites": [
        "merck-enalapril"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sideEffects": [
    {
      "text": "ความดันต่ำ, azotemia, hyperkalemia, เบื่ออาหาร; ตรวจค่าไตและ K+ หลังเริ่มยา",
      "cites": [
        "merck-enalapril"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "dosages": [
    {
      "species": "canine",
      "indication": "CHF / proteinuria",
      "route": "PO",
      "dose": "0.5 mg/kg PO ทุก 12–24 ชั่วโมง",
      "cites": [
        "merck-enalapril",
        "tufts-cardiorush-b"
      ]
    },
    {
      "species": "feline",
      "indication": "Cardiac / proteinuria",
      "route": "PO",
      "dose": "0.25–0.5 mg/kg PO ทุก 24 ชั่วโมง",
      "cites": [
        "tufts-cardiorush-b"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "monitoring": [
    {
      "text": "ตรวจค่าไต (creatinine, BUN) และ K+ ก่อนและ 3–7 วันหลังเริ่ม/ปรับขนาด — สำคัญในไตบกพร่อง",
      "cites": [
        "merck-enalapril"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "citations": [
    {
      "id": "merck-enalapril",
      "type": "textbook",
      "title": "Vasoactive Drugs — MSD/Merck Veterinary Manual",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/systemic-pharmacotherapeutics-of-the-cardiovascular-system/vasoactive-drugs-for-use-in-animals",
      "note": "Authoritative veterinary pharmacology reference. Copyrighted, cited not mirrored.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "tufts-cardiorush-b",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "Cardiology Drug Formulary — Tufts CardioRush",
      "year": 2024,
      "url": "https://sites.tufts.edu/cardiorush/cardiology-drug-formulary/",
      "note": "Tufts veterinary cardiology academic formulary. Authoritative.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-Enalapril",
      "type": "monograph",
      "title": "Enalapril — Wikipedia",
      "year": 2026,
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enalapril",
      "note": "Tertiary cross-check for class + mechanism. CC BY-SA 4.0. Not sole authority.",
      "cid": null
    }
  ],
  "mirroredFrom": [
    {
      "id": "who-atc",
      "name": "WHO ATC/DDD Index",
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "WHO publication, free for use with attribution"
    }
  ],
  "mirrorCIDs": [],
  "codes": {
    "atc": {
      "code": "C09AA02",
      "name": "Enalapril",
      "level": 5
    },
    "rxnorm": {
      "cui": "3827",
      "name": "Enalapril"
    }
  },
  "drafting": {
    "aiAssisted": false,
    "aiModel": null,
    "aiPromptHash": null,
    "humanReviewer": "palmzamak2547",
    "humanReviewedAt": "2026-05-27",
    "humanEditsRatio": null
  },
  "signatures": [],
  "reviewedBy": null,
  "lastUpdated": "2026-05-27",
  "version": 1,
  "changelog": [
    {
      "version": 1,
      "date": "2026-05-27",
      "summary": "New entry — clinical content compiled from cited authoritative sources (Merck Veterinary Manual / FDA-EMA labels / peer-reviewed studies), cross-checked. Every statement cited. Reviewed by palmzamak2547. Pending faculty canonical signature."
    }
  ]
}

Public keys used

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