Verify Tobramycin (ophthalmic)

Drug JSON

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{
  "slug": "tobramycin",
  "nameEn": "Tobramycin (ophthalmic)",
  "nameTh": "โทบรามัยซิน (หยอดตา)",
  "class": "Ophthalmology — aminoglycoside antibiotic (topical)",
  "mechanism": "aminoglycoside antibiotic — จับ 30S ribosome ยับยั้งการสร้างโปรตีนแบคทีเรีย; รูปหยอดตาครอบคลุม gram-negative กว้าง (รวม Pseudomonas) และ gram-positive หลายชนิด",
  "brandNamesTh": [
    "Tobrex",
    "Tobramycin 0.3%"
  ],
  "indications": [
    {
      "text": "ติดเชื้อแบคทีเรียที่ตา/เปลือกตา/เยื่อบุตา (conjunctivitis, blepharitis), แผลกระจกตาจากแบคทีเรีย โดยเฉพาะที่สงสัย Pseudomonas ในสุนัขและแมว",
      "cites": [
        "petplace-tobramycin",
        "merck-ocular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "contraindications": [
    {
      "text": "ใช้เฉพาะที่ (topical ophthalmic); ระวังการแพ้ aminoglycoside; การใช้นานอาจ select เชื้อดื้อ/superinfection เชื้อรา; aminoglycoside เป็นพิษกระจกตาเล็กน้อยเมื่อใช้บ่อยมาก",
      "cites": [
        "petplace-tobramycin"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sideEffects": [
    {
      "text": "ระคายตาชั่วคราว, แดง; แพ้เฉพาะที่พบได้; superinfection เมื่อใช้นาน",
      "cites": [
        "petplace-tobramycin"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "dosages": [
    {
      "species": "canine",
      "indication": "Bacterial conjunctivitis / keratitis",
      "route": "topical",
      "dose": "หยอด 1–2 หยด (สารละลาย 0.3%) ตาที่เป็น ทุก 6–8 ชั่วโมง; เคสรุนแรง/แผลกระจกตาให้ถี่ขึ้น",
      "cites": [
        "petplace-tobramycin",
        "merck-ocular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "species": "feline",
      "indication": "Bacterial conjunctivitis / keratitis",
      "route": "topical",
      "dose": "หยอด 1–2 หยด 0.3% ตาที่เป็น ทุก 6–8 ชั่วโมง",
      "cites": [
        "petplace-tobramycin"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "citations": [
    {
      "id": "petplace-tobramycin",
      "type": "monograph",
      "title": "Tobramycin for Dogs and Cats — PetPlace",
      "url": "https://www.petplace.com/article/drug-library/drug-library/library/tobramycin-for-dogs-and-cats",
      "year": 2025,
      "note": "Clinical veterinary drug reference.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "merck-ocular",
      "type": "textbook",
      "title": "Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics — MSD/Merck Veterinary Manual",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/eye-and-ear/ophthalmology/ocular-pharmacology-and-therapeutics",
      "note": "Authoritative veterinary pharmacology reference. Copyrighted, cited not mirrored.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-tobramycin",
      "type": "monograph",
      "title": "Tobramycin — Wikipedia",
      "year": 2026,
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobramycin",
      "note": "Tertiary cross-check for class + mechanism. CC BY-SA 4.0. Not sole authority.",
      "cid": null
    }
  ],
  "mirroredFrom": [
    {
      "id": "who-atc",
      "name": "WHO ATC/DDD Index",
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-31",
      "license": "WHO publication, free for use with attribution"
    }
  ],
  "mirrorCIDs": [],
  "codes": {
    "atc": {
      "code": "S01AA12",
      "name": "Tobramycin (ophthalmic)",
      "level": 5
    }
  },
  "drafting": {
    "aiAssisted": false,
    "aiModel": null,
    "aiPromptHash": null,
    "humanReviewer": "palmzamak2547",
    "humanReviewedAt": "2026-05-31",
    "humanEditsRatio": null
  },
  "signatures": [],
  "reviewedBy": null,
  "lastUpdated": "2026-05-31",
  "version": 1,
  "changelog": [
    {
      "version": 1,
      "date": "2026-05-31",
      "summary": "New entry — clinical content compiled from cited authoritative sources (Merck Veterinary Manual / FDA-EMA labels / VCA / Today's Vet Practice / peer-reviewed), cross-checked. Every statement cited. Reviewed by palmzamak2547. Pending faculty canonical signature."
    }
  ]
}

Public keys used

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