Verify Glycopyrrolate

Drug JSON

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{
  "slug": "glycopyrrolate",
  "nameEn": "Glycopyrrolate",
  "nameTh": "ไกลโคไพร์โรเลต",
  "class": "Anticholinergic — quaternary muscarinic antagonist (premedication)",
  "mechanism": "ยาต้าน muscarinic แบบ quaternary ammonium จึงไม่ผ่าน blood-brain barrier และ placenta (ผลต่อระบบประสาทกลางน้อยกว่า atropine); ออกฤทธิ์นานกว่า atropine ลดสารคัดหลั่งและกัน bradycardia",
  "brandNamesTh": [
    "Robinul"
  ],
  "indications": [
    {
      "text": "premedication ก่อนวางยาสลบเพื่อลดสารคัดหลั่งและกัน vagal bradycardia; รักษา bradycardia ระหว่างผ่าตัด; ออกฤทธิ์นานและนุ่มนวลกว่า atropine",
      "cites": [
        "merck-glyco",
        "lumb-jones-b"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "contraindications": [
    {
      "text": "ระวังในภาวะหัวใจเต้นเร็ว, ต้อหิน, ileus; เช่นเดียวกับ anticholinergic อื่น",
      "cites": [
        "lumb-jones-b"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sideEffects": [
    {
      "text": "หัวใจเต้นเร็ว (น้อยกว่า atropine), ปากแห้ง, ลดการบีบตัวลำไส้",
      "cites": [
        "lumb-jones-b"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "dosages": [
    {
      "species": "canine",
      "indication": "Premedication / bradycardia",
      "route": "IM",
      "dose": "0.005–0.011 mg/kg IM/IV/SC",
      "cites": [
        "lumb-jones-b"
      ]
    },
    {
      "species": "feline",
      "indication": "Premedication / bradycardia",
      "route": "IM",
      "dose": "0.005–0.011 mg/kg IM/IV/SC",
      "cites": [
        "lumb-jones-b"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "citations": [
    {
      "id": "merck-glyco",
      "type": "textbook",
      "title": "Anesthesia adjuncts — MSD/Merck Veterinary Manual",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/introduction-to-pharmacology/drugs-affecting-the-autonomic-nervous-system",
      "note": "Authoritative veterinary pharmacology reference. Copyrighted, cited not mirrored.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "lumb-jones-b",
      "type": "textbook",
      "title": "Lumb & Jones Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia — anticholinergic premedication",
      "year": 2015,
      "url": "https://veteriankey.com/anesthesia-management-of-dogs-and-cats/",
      "note": "Standard veterinary anesthesia reference. Cited, not mirrored.",
      "cid": null
    }
  ],
  "mirroredFrom": [
    {
      "id": "who-atc",
      "name": "WHO ATC/DDD Index",
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "WHO publication, free for use with attribution"
    }
  ],
  "mirrorCIDs": [],
  "codes": {
    "atc": {
      "code": "A03AB02",
      "name": "Glycopyrronium",
      "level": 5
    },
    "rxnorm": {
      "cui": "4955",
      "name": "Glycopyrrolate"
    }
  },
  "drafting": {
    "aiAssisted": false,
    "aiModel": null,
    "aiPromptHash": null,
    "humanReviewer": "palmzamak2547",
    "humanReviewedAt": "2026-05-27",
    "humanEditsRatio": null
  },
  "signatures": [],
  "reviewedBy": null,
  "lastUpdated": "2026-05-27",
  "version": 1,
  "changelog": [
    {
      "version": 1,
      "date": "2026-05-27",
      "summary": "New entry — clinical content compiled from cited authoritative sources (Merck Veterinary Manual / FDA-EMA labels / peer-reviewed studies), cross-checked. Every statement cited. Reviewed by palmzamak2547. Pending faculty canonical signature."
    }
  ]
}

Public keys used

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