Verify Enrofloxacin

Drug JSON

This is exactly what your browser canonicalizes + SHA-256-hashes

{
  "slug": "enrofloxacin",
  "nameEn": "Enrofloxacin",
  "nameTh": "เอนโรฟล็อกซาซิน",
  "class": "Antibiotic — fluoroquinolone (bactericidal, veterinary)",
  "mechanism": "ยาปฏิชีวนะกลุ่ม fluoroquinolone ออกฤทธิ์ฆ่าเชื้อโดยยับยั้ง DNA gyrase และ topoisomerase IV ทำให้แบคทีเรียจำลอง DNA ไม่ได้; ครอบคลุม gram-negative ได้ดี รวมถึง Pseudomonas",
  "brandNamesTh": [
    "Baytril",
    "Enrocare"
  ],
  "indications": [
    {
      "text": "ติดเชื้อแบคทีเรียที่ดื้อต่อยากลุ่มอื่น โดยเฉพาะ gram-negative รวม Pseudomonas; ใช้กับการติดเชื้อทางเดินปัสสาวะ ผิวหนัง ทางเดินหายใจ",
      "cites": [
        "elanco-baytril"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "contraindications": [
    {
      "text": "หลีกเลี่ยงในสัตว์เล็กที่กระดูกยังเจริญไม่เต็มที่ (เสี่ยงต่อความเสียหายของกระดูกอ่อนข้อต่อ/cartilage); ⚠️ ห้ามให้เกินขนาดในแมว (ดู side effects)",
      "cites": [
        "elanco-baytril"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sideEffects": [
    {
      "text": "⚠️ ในแมว: เป็นพิษต่อจอประสาทตา (retinal degeneration) ทำให้ตาบอดเฉียบพลันได้ โดยเฉพาะเมื่อเกินขนาดสูงสุด 5 mg/kg/วัน; ขนาด ≥20 mg/kg ทำให้น้ำลายไหล อาเจียน ซึม และรอยโรคที่จอตา; อาการทั่วไป: GI upset",
      "cites": [
        "pubmed-enro-retina",
        "elanco-baytril"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "dosages": [
    {
      "species": "canine",
      "indication": "Bacterial infection",
      "route": "PO",
      "dose": "5–20 mg/kg ต่อวัน (เลือกตามความรุนแรงและความไวของเชื้อ)",
      "cites": [
        "elanco-baytril"
      ]
    },
    {
      "species": "feline",
      "indication": "Bacterial infection",
      "route": "PO",
      "dose": "5 mg/kg ต่อวัน — ⚠️ ห้ามเกิน 5 mg/kg/วัน (เสี่ยงจอประสาทตาเสื่อม/ตาบอด)",
      "notes": "ขนาดสูงสุดในแมว 5 mg/kg/วันเด็ดขาด",
      "cites": [
        "elanco-baytril",
        "pubmed-enro-retina"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "citations": [
    {
      "id": "elanco-baytril",
      "type": "package-insert",
      "title": "Baytril (enrofloxacin) — Elanco / FDA-approved label",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://www.drugs.com/vet/baytril-enrofloxacin-antibacterial-tablets.html",
      "note": "FDA-approved veterinary product label — canine 5–20 mg/kg/day, feline cap 5 mg/kg/day. Public FDA labeling.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "pubmed-enro-retina",
      "type": "paper",
      "title": "Enrofloxacin-associated retinal degeneration in cats",
      "authors": "Gelatt KN, et al.",
      "year": 2001,
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11422990/",
      "note": "Peer-reviewed evidence for feline retinotoxicity / blindness above 5 mg/kg/day. PubMed PMID 11422990.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "dailymed-enrofloxacin",
      "type": "regulatory-database",
      "title": "Enrofloxacin — NLM DailyMed (FDA Structured Product Labeling)",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=enrofloxacin",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: FDA-approved labeling. Search by name returns relevant product labelings.",
      "cid": "ac9aa00c05958994b1bd682da41cbf39ae66590b1964a95403204668225df53f"
    },
    {
      "id": "atc-J01MA90",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "ATC J01MA90 — Enrofloxacin",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA90&showdescription=no",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: WHO Collaborating Centre ATC/DDD index. Authoritative drug classification.",
      "cid": "29a5aec4bb3a9629e0448bc1537c6e39de5a2045eeb9aa2b7e5341002ff1b2ff"
    },
    {
      "id": "pubchem-enrofloxacin",
      "type": "monograph",
      "title": "Enrofloxacin — PubChem search",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=Enrofloxacin",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: chemical structure, identifiers, pharmacology summary. Faculty review fills exact CID.",
      "cid": "0449511aa4f33b867c2b37b9e650ca5a2159d676906e4a7b201dc6c8ff830c36"
    },
    {
      "id": "wsava-amr-2023",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "WSAVA Therapeutic Guidelines Group — Library on Responsible Antimicrobial Use and AMR Prevention (2023)",
      "year": 2023,
      "url": "https://wsava.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/WSAVA-TGG-library-on-responsible-antimicrobial-use-and-AMR-prevention-2.pdf",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: WSAVA TGG framework for prudent antibiotic use in companion animals (PDF, stable URL).",
      "cid": "29f7ea6edf16004626349e036f3eb2ea30803ca1f6efd437bff0e8a4f2f465f1"
    }
  ],
  "mirroredFrom": [
    {
      "id": "dailymed",
      "name": "NLM DailyMed",
      "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=enrofloxacin",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "U.S. Government work — public domain. Attribution recommended."
    },
    {
      "id": "atc",
      "name": "WHO ATC Classification",
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA90&showdescription=no",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "WHO publication, free for use with attribution"
    },
    {
      "id": "pubchem",
      "name": "PubChem (NIH/NLM)",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=Enrofloxacin",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "NIH/NLM public domain"
    },
    {
      "id": "wsava-amr",
      "name": "WSAVA TGG — Key Documents on Responsible Antimicrobial Use and AMR Prevention",
      "url": "https://wsava.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/WSAVA-TGG-library-on-responsible-antimicrobial-use-and-AMR-prevention-2.pdf",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "Free for educational use with attribution"
    }
  ],
  "mirrorCIDs": [
    {
      "sourceId": "dailymed",
      "cid": "ac9aa00c05958994b1bd682da41cbf39ae66590b1964a95403204668225df53f",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "atc",
      "cid": "29a5aec4bb3a9629e0448bc1537c6e39de5a2045eeb9aa2b7e5341002ff1b2ff",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "pubchem",
      "cid": "0449511aa4f33b867c2b37b9e650ca5a2159d676906e4a7b201dc6c8ff830c36",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "wsava-amr",
      "cid": "29f7ea6edf16004626349e036f3eb2ea30803ca1f6efd437bff0e8a4f2f465f1",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    }
  ],
  "codes": {
    "atc": {
      "code": "J01MA90",
      "name": "Enrofloxacin",
      "level": 5
    },
    "rxnorm": {
      "cui": "37617",
      "name": "Enrofloxacin"
    }
  },
  "drafting": {
    "aiAssisted": false,
    "aiModel": null,
    "aiPromptHash": null,
    "humanReviewer": "palmzamak2547",
    "humanReviewedAt": "2026-05-27",
    "humanEditsRatio": null
  },
  "signatures": [],
  "reviewedBy": null,
  "lastUpdated": "2026-05-27",
  "version": 1,
  "changelog": [
    {
      "version": 0,
      "date": "2026-05-27",
      "summary": "Seed entry — cross-checked from 4 authoritative sources (NLM DailyMed, WHO ATC Classification, PubChem (NIH/NLM), WSAVA TGG — Key Documents on Responsible Antimicrobial Use and AMR Prevention). ATC J01MA90 + RxNorm 37617. Thai translation + faculty review pending."
    },
    {
      "version": 1,
      "date": "2026-05-27",
      "summary": "Clinical content compiled from cited sources — canine 5–20 mg/kg/day, feline hard cap 5 mg/kg/day with retinal-toxicity warning verified against FDA Baytril label + PubMed PMID 11422990. Every statement cited. Reviewed by palmzamak2547. Pending faculty canonical signature."
    }
  ],
  "interactions": [
    {
      "text": "ลดการดูดซึมเมื่อให้ร่วม cation (Ca/Mg/Al/Fe, sucralfate, antacid); เพิ่มระดับ theophylline",
      "cites": [
        "elanco-baytril"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "monitoring": [
    {
      "text": "ในแมวเฝ้าระวังการมองเห็น (รูม่านตาขยาย ชนสิ่งของ); หยุดยาทันทีหากสงสัยปัญหาตา",
      "cites": [
        "pubmed-enro-retina"
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Public keys used

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