Verify Diltiazem

Drug JSON

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{
  "slug": "diltiazem",
  "nameEn": "Diltiazem",
  "nameTh": "ดิลไทอาเซม",
  "class": "Calcium channel blocker — non-dihydropyridine (rate control)",
  "mechanism": "ยาปิดกั้น L-type calcium channel กลุ่ม non-dihydropyridine ออกฤทธิ์ที่หัวใจเป็นหลัก ชะลอการนำสัญญาณที่ AV node และลดแรงบีบ; ใช้คุมอัตราการเต้นใน SVT/atrial fibrillation และ HCM ในแมว",
  "brandNamesTh": [
    "Cardizem",
    "Dilacor"
  ],
  "indications": [
    {
      "text": "คุมอัตราการเต้นใน supraventricular tachyarrhythmia/atrial fibrillation และใช้ในแมวที่มี hypertrophic cardiomyopathy",
      "cites": [
        "merck-antiarrhythmics",
        "tufts-cardiorush"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "contraindications": [
    {
      "text": "⚠️ ได้รับยาเกินขนาดอาจถึงแก่ชีวิต — ต้องคำนวณแม่นยำ; ระวังใน CHF, bradyarrhythmia, AV block, ความดันต่ำ",
      "cites": [
        "tufts-cardiorush"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sideEffects": [
    {
      "text": "หัวใจเต้นช้า, ความดันต่ำ, ซึม, GI upset; กดการบีบหัวใจเมื่อขนาดสูง",
      "cites": [
        "tufts-cardiorush"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "dosages": [
    {
      "species": "canine",
      "indication": "SVT / atrial fibrillation rate control",
      "route": "PO",
      "dose": "0.5–1.5 mg/kg PO ทุก 8 ชั่วโมง (เริ่มต่ำแล้วปรับ)",
      "cites": [
        "tufts-cardiorush",
        "merck-antiarrhythmics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "species": "feline",
      "indication": "HCM / arrhythmia",
      "route": "PO",
      "dose": "รูปแบบออกฤทธิ์ยาว (Dilacor/Cardizem CD) ปรับตามน้ำหนัก — ยืนยันสูตรกับ faculty",
      "notes": "⚠️ มีหลายสูตร (immediate vs sustained-release) ขนาดต่างกันมาก — ยืนยันสูตรและขนาดกับตำราเฉพาะทาง",
      "cites": [
        "tufts-cardiorush"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "citations": [
    {
      "id": "merck-antiarrhythmics",
      "type": "textbook",
      "title": "Antiarrhythmics for Use in Animals — MSD/Merck Veterinary Manual",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://www.msdvetmanual.com/pharmacology/systemic-pharmacotherapeutics-of-the-cardiovascular-system/antiarrhythmics-for-use-in-animals",
      "note": "Merck — beta-blocker, sotalol, Ca-channel-blocker dosing. Copyrighted, cited not mirrored.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "tufts-cardiorush",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "Cardiology Drug Formulary — Tufts CardioRush",
      "year": 2024,
      "url": "https://sites.tufts.edu/cardiorush/cardiology-drug-formulary/",
      "note": "Tufts Cummings veterinary cardiology academic formulary. Authoritative reference for cardiac dosing.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "dailymed-diltiazem",
      "type": "regulatory-database",
      "title": "Diltiazem — NLM DailyMed (FDA Structured Product Labeling)",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=diltiazem",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: FDA-approved labeling. Search by name returns relevant product labelings.",
      "cid": "9ba967135205854ad85d37e3fbca890bd8fd4e56984154e6a957a3dd948dbbd4"
    },
    {
      "id": "atc-C08DB01",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "ATC C08DB01 — Diltiazem",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=C08DB01&showdescription=no",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: WHO Collaborating Centre ATC/DDD index. Authoritative drug classification.",
      "cid": "3861ed8502ce442aabbbd0f4a23154243c8f313f63e074e5d99819e8879c6611"
    },
    {
      "id": "pubchem-diltiazem",
      "type": "monograph",
      "title": "Diltiazem — PubChem search",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=Diltiazem",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: chemical structure, identifiers, pharmacology summary. Faculty review fills exact CID.",
      "cid": "f507164498eab9239b569c7ef962224ca6b0b666462e10ba3b088d3a5d83b5fb"
    }
  ],
  "mirroredFrom": [
    {
      "id": "dailymed",
      "name": "NLM DailyMed",
      "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=diltiazem",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "U.S. Government work — public domain. Attribution recommended."
    },
    {
      "id": "atc",
      "name": "WHO ATC Classification",
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=C08DB01&showdescription=no",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "WHO publication, free for use with attribution"
    },
    {
      "id": "pubchem",
      "name": "PubChem (NIH/NLM)",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=Diltiazem",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "NIH/NLM public domain"
    }
  ],
  "mirrorCIDs": [
    {
      "sourceId": "dailymed",
      "cid": "9ba967135205854ad85d37e3fbca890bd8fd4e56984154e6a957a3dd948dbbd4",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "atc",
      "cid": "3861ed8502ce442aabbbd0f4a23154243c8f313f63e074e5d99819e8879c6611",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "pubchem",
      "cid": "f507164498eab9239b569c7ef962224ca6b0b666462e10ba3b088d3a5d83b5fb",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    }
  ],
  "codes": {
    "atc": {
      "code": "C08DB01",
      "name": "Diltiazem",
      "level": 5
    },
    "rxnorm": {
      "cui": "3443",
      "name": "Diltiazem"
    }
  },
  "drafting": {
    "aiAssisted": false,
    "aiModel": null,
    "aiPromptHash": null,
    "humanReviewer": "palmzamak2547",
    "humanReviewedAt": "2026-05-27",
    "humanEditsRatio": null
  },
  "signatures": [],
  "reviewedBy": null,
  "lastUpdated": "2026-05-27",
  "version": 1,
  "changelog": [
    {
      "version": 0,
      "date": "2026-05-27",
      "summary": "Seed entry — cross-checked from 3 authoritative sources (NLM DailyMed, WHO ATC Classification, PubChem (NIH/NLM)). ATC C08DB01 + RxNorm 3443. Thai translation + faculty review pending."
    },
    {
      "version": 1,
      "date": "2026-05-27",
      "summary": "Clinical content compiled from cited sources — diltiazem dog 0.5–1.5 mg/kg q8h + overdose-lethality + formulation caution verified against Tufts CardioRush + Merck antiarrhythmics; feline sustained-release formulation flagged for faculty confirmation. Every statement cited. Reviewed by palmzamak2547. Pending faculty canonical signature."
    }
  ]
}

Public keys used

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