Verify Ciclosporin (ophthalmic)

Drug JSON

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{
  "slug": "cyclosporine-ophthalmic",
  "nameEn": "Ciclosporin (ophthalmic)",
  "nameTh": "ไซโคลสปอริน (ยาป้ายตา)",
  "class": "Topical ophthalmic immunomodulator (calcineurin inhibitor)",
  "mechanism": "ยับยั้ง calcineurin ใน T-lymphocyte ลดการทำลายต่อมน้ำตาจากภูมิคุ้มกัน และกระตุ้นการสร้างน้ำตา ใช้รักษาตาแห้งจากภูมิคุ้มกัน (KCS)",
  "brandNamesTh": [
    "Optimmune"
  ],
  "indications": [
    {
      "text": "โรคตาแห้งจากภูมิคุ้มกัน (keratoconjunctivitis sicca, KCS) และ pannus/chronic superficial keratitis ในสุนัข",
      "cites": [
        "dailymed-cyclosporine ophthalmic",
        "plumbs"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "contraindications": [
    {
      "text": "ห้ามใช้เมื่อมีการติดเชื้อที่กระจกตา/ตาที่ยังควบคุมไม่ได้; เป็นการรักษาระยะยาว (ผลเต็มที่ใช้เวลาหลายสัปดาห์)",
      "cites": [
        "dailymed-cyclosporine ophthalmic",
        "plumbs"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sideEffects": [
    {
      "text": "ระคาย/ตาแดงชั่วคราวหลังป้าย; พบผลข้างเคียงระบบน้อยมาก (ดูดซึมต่ำ)",
      "cites": [
        "plumbs",
        "wikipedia-Ciclosporin"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "dosages": [
    {
      "species": "canine",
      "indication": "Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye)",
      "route": "ocular",
      "dose": "ointment 0.2% (หรือสารละลาย 1–2%) ป้ายตาที่เป็น ทุก 12 ชั่วโมง — ใช้ต่อเนื่องระยะยาว",
      "cites": [
        "plumbs",
        "dailymed-cyclosporine ophthalmic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "species": "feline",
      "indication": "Keratoconjunctivitis sicca / eosinophilic keratitis",
      "route": "ocular",
      "dose": "ointment 0.2% / สารละลาย 1–2% ป้ายตาทุก 12 ชั่วโมง",
      "cites": [
        "plumbs"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "citations": [
    {
      "id": "atc-S01XA18",
      "type": "regulatory-database",
      "title": "WHO ATC/DDD Index — Ciclosporin (ophthalmic) (S01XA18)",
      "year": 2026,
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=S01XA18&showdescription=no",
      "note": "WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification. Authoritative for class + INN.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "dailymed-cyclosporine ophthalmic",
      "type": "package-insert",
      "title": "Cyclosporine ophthalmic — DailyMed (US FDA label)",
      "year": 2026,
      "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=cyclosporine%20ophthalmic",
      "note": "US FDA structured product label. Authoritative for indications, contraindications, labeled use.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "plumbs",
      "type": "textbook",
      "title": "Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 10th Edition",
      "authors": "Plumb DC",
      "year": 2023,
      "edition": "10th",
      "url": "https://www.plumbs.com/",
      "note": "Standard veterinary drug reference. Species doses cross-checked against this handbook.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-Ciclosporin",
      "type": "monograph",
      "title": "Ciclosporin (ophthalmic) — Wikipedia",
      "year": 2026,
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclosporin",
      "note": "Tertiary cross-check for class + mechanism. CC BY-SA 4.0. Not sole authority.",
      "cid": null
    }
  ],
  "mirroredFrom": [
    {
      "id": "who-atc",
      "name": "WHO ATC/DDD Index",
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/",
      "asOfDate": "2026-06-07",
      "license": "WHO publication, free for use with attribution"
    }
  ],
  "mirrorCIDs": [],
  "codes": {
    "atc": {
      "code": "S01XA18",
      "name": "Ciclosporin (ophthalmic)",
      "level": 5
    }
  },
  "drafting": {
    "aiAssisted": false,
    "aiModel": null,
    "aiPromptHash": null,
    "humanReviewer": "palmzamak2547",
    "humanReviewedAt": "2026-06-07",
    "humanEditsRatio": null
  },
  "signatures": [],
  "reviewedBy": null,
  "lastUpdated": "2026-06-07",
  "version": 1,
  "changelog": [
    {
      "version": 1,
      "date": "2026-06-07",
      "summary": "New entry — clinical content compiled from cited authoritative sources (WHO ATC / FDA label / Plumb’s), cross-checked. Every statement cited. Reviewed by palmzamak2547. Pending faculty canonical signature."
    }
  ]
}

Public keys used

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