Verify Cefalexin

Drug JSON

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{
  "slug": "cefalexin",
  "nameEn": "Cefalexin",
  "nameTh": "เซฟาเล็กซิน",
  "class": "Antibiotic — first-generation cephalosporin (β-lactam)",
  "mechanism": "ยาปฏิชีวนะ β-lactam กลุ่ม cephalosporin รุ่นที่ 1 ยับยั้งการสร้างผนังเซลล์แบคทีเรีย; ออกฤทธิ์ดีต่อ gram-positive (โดยเฉพาะ Staphylococcus) แต่ครอบคลุม gram-negative ได้ปานกลางเท่านั้น",
  "brandNamesTh": [
    "Keflex",
    "Rilexine",
    "Therios"
  ],
  "indications": [
    {
      "text": "ติดเชื้อผิวหนังและเนื้อเยื่ออ่อน (pyoderma), ทางเดินปัสสาวะ, กระดูก ที่เกิดจากเชื้อ gram-positive โดยเฉพาะ Staphylococcus; ออกฤทธิ์น้อยต่อ E. coli",
      "cites": [
        "merck-cephalosporins-and-cephamycins-use-in-animals"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "contraindications": [
    {
      "text": "ห้ามใช้ในสัตว์ที่แพ้ cephalosporin; ระวัง cross-reactivity ในสัตว์ที่แพ้ penicillin",
      "cites": [
        "merck-cephalosporins-and-cephamycins-use-in-animals"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sideEffects": [
    {
      "text": "คลื่นไส้ อาเจียน ท้องเสีย; อาจเกิด antimicrobial-induced colitis และปฏิกิริยาภูมิแพ้",
      "cites": [
        "merck-cephalosporins-and-cephamycins-use-in-animals"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "dosages": [
    {
      "species": "canine",
      "indication": "Pyoderma / soft-tissue / UTI",
      "route": "PO",
      "dose": "15–45 mg/kg ทุก 6–12 ชั่วโมง",
      "cites": [
        "merck-cephalosporins-and-cephamycins-use-in-animals"
      ]
    },
    {
      "species": "feline",
      "indication": "Skin / soft-tissue infection",
      "route": "PO",
      "dose": "15–35 mg/kg ทุก 6–12 ชั่วโมง",
      "cites": [
        "merck-cephalosporins-and-cephamycins-use-in-animals"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "citations": [
    {
      "id": "merck-cephalosporins-and-cephamycins-use-in-animals",
      "type": "textbook",
      "title": "Cephalosporins and Cephamycins — MSD/Merck Veterinary Manual (Pharmacology)",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/antibacterial-agents/cephalosporins-and-cephamycins-use-in-animals",
      "note": "Authoritative veterinary pharmacology reference — verified dose, spectrum, adverse-effect profile. Copyrighted, cited not mirrored.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-Cefalexin",
      "type": "monograph",
      "title": "Cefalexin — Wikipedia",
      "year": 2026,
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefalexin",
      "note": "Tertiary cross-check for class, mechanism, brand names. CC BY-SA 4.0. Not sole authority for any clinical claim.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "dailymed-cefalexin",
      "type": "regulatory-database",
      "title": "Cefalexin — NLM DailyMed (FDA Structured Product Labeling)",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=cefalexin",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: FDA-approved labeling. Search by name returns relevant product labelings.",
      "cid": "eca25df94b2b1b8b99200e3f79113574d55f82fb35f56780ba6db3e06cf4721b"
    },
    {
      "id": "atc-J01DB01",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "ATC J01DB01 — Cefalexin",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DB01&showdescription=no",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: WHO Collaborating Centre ATC/DDD index. Authoritative drug classification.",
      "cid": "bf4c7f25583d2aa7656c90770c0ca5ffe40e6d4b706bd16596ee9c8f57f689e7"
    },
    {
      "id": "pubchem-cefalexin",
      "type": "monograph",
      "title": "Cefalexin — PubChem search",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=Cefalexin",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: chemical structure, identifiers, pharmacology summary. Faculty review fills exact CID.",
      "cid": "bdd2cfe10dba4f139683077630338f94c55719db8cb72733680c13f2d976b877"
    },
    {
      "id": "who-eml-22",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (22nd List, 2021)",
      "year": 2021,
      "url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2021.02",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: drug appears on WHO EML — WHO recognizes its place in basic healthcare.",
      "cid": "71030c795c4e0c0cff56566bfc9ae4ed448eab9188ae68ce773a50d9f7fc53eb"
    },
    {
      "id": "wsava-amr-2023",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "WSAVA Therapeutic Guidelines Group — Library on Responsible Antimicrobial Use and AMR Prevention (2023)",
      "year": 2023,
      "url": "https://wsava.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/WSAVA-TGG-library-on-responsible-antimicrobial-use-and-AMR-prevention-2.pdf",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: WSAVA TGG framework for prudent antibiotic use in companion animals (PDF, stable URL).",
      "cid": "29f7ea6edf16004626349e036f3eb2ea30803ca1f6efd437bff0e8a4f2f465f1"
    }
  ],
  "mirroredFrom": [
    {
      "id": "dailymed",
      "name": "NLM DailyMed",
      "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=cefalexin",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "U.S. Government work — public domain. Attribution recommended."
    },
    {
      "id": "atc",
      "name": "WHO ATC Classification",
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DB01&showdescription=no",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "WHO publication, free for use with attribution"
    },
    {
      "id": "pubchem",
      "name": "PubChem (NIH/NLM)",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=Cefalexin",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "NIH/NLM public domain"
    },
    {
      "id": "who-eml",
      "name": "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (22nd List, 2021)",
      "url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2021.02",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO"
    },
    {
      "id": "wsava-amr",
      "name": "WSAVA TGG — Key Documents on Responsible Antimicrobial Use and AMR Prevention",
      "url": "https://wsava.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/WSAVA-TGG-library-on-responsible-antimicrobial-use-and-AMR-prevention-2.pdf",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "Free for educational use with attribution"
    }
  ],
  "mirrorCIDs": [
    {
      "sourceId": "dailymed",
      "cid": "eca25df94b2b1b8b99200e3f79113574d55f82fb35f56780ba6db3e06cf4721b",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "atc",
      "cid": "bf4c7f25583d2aa7656c90770c0ca5ffe40e6d4b706bd16596ee9c8f57f689e7",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "pubchem",
      "cid": "bdd2cfe10dba4f139683077630338f94c55719db8cb72733680c13f2d976b877",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "who-eml",
      "cid": "71030c795c4e0c0cff56566bfc9ae4ed448eab9188ae68ce773a50d9f7fc53eb",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "wsava-amr",
      "cid": "29f7ea6edf16004626349e036f3eb2ea30803ca1f6efd437bff0e8a4f2f465f1",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    }
  ],
  "codes": {
    "atc": {
      "code": "J01DB01",
      "name": "Cefalexin",
      "level": 5
    },
    "rxnorm": {
      "cui": "2231",
      "name": "Cefalexin"
    }
  },
  "drafting": {
    "aiAssisted": false,
    "aiModel": null,
    "aiPromptHash": null,
    "humanReviewer": "palmzamak2547",
    "humanReviewedAt": "2026-05-27",
    "humanEditsRatio": null
  },
  "signatures": [],
  "reviewedBy": null,
  "lastUpdated": "2026-05-27",
  "version": 1,
  "changelog": [
    {
      "version": 0,
      "date": "2026-05-27",
      "summary": "Seed entry — cross-checked from 5 authoritative sources (NLM DailyMed, WHO ATC Classification, PubChem (NIH/NLM), WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (22nd List, 2021), WSAVA TGG — Key Documents on Responsible Antimicrobial Use and AMR Prevention). ATC J01DB01 + RxNorm 2231. Thai translation + faculty review pending."
    },
    {
      "version": 1,
      "date": "2026-05-27",
      "summary": "Clinical content compiled from cited sources — cefalexin dog 15–45 / cat 15–35 mg/kg verified against Merck Veterinary Manual (Cephalosporins). Every statement cited. Reviewed by palmzamak2547. Pending faculty canonical signature."
    }
  ]
}

Public keys used

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