Verify Butorphanol

Drug JSON

This is exactly what your browser canonicalizes + SHA-256-hashes

{
  "slug": "butorphanol",
  "nameEn": "Butorphanol",
  "nameTh": "บูทอร์ฟานอล",
  "class": "Opioid analgesic — kappa agonist / mu antagonist (ceiling effect)",
  "mechanism": "opioid kappa agonist + mu antagonist มี ceiling effect; ฤทธิ์ระงับปวด somatic อ่อนและสั้น แต่มีฤทธิ์ระงับไอ (antitussive) และให้ความสงบดี; มักใช้เป็น sedative ร่วม",
  "brandNamesTh": [
    "Torbugesic",
    "Stadol"
  ],
  "indications": [
    {
      "text": "ระงับปวดเบา (visceral), ระงับไอ, และเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของ premedication/sedation protocol; ฤทธิ์ระงับปวดสั้น (~1–2 ชม.)",
      "cites": [
        "merck-pain-mgmt",
        "dvm360-analgesia"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "contraindications": [
    {
      "text": "ไม่เหมาะกับปวดรุนแรง; เป็น mu antagonist จึงลดฤทธิ์ pure mu agonist หากให้ร่วมกัน",
      "cites": [
        "merck-pain-mgmt"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sideEffects": [
    {
      "text": "ง่วงซึม, กดการหายใจน้อย, ระงับปวดสั้น; โดยรวมปลอดภัยสูง",
      "cites": [
        "merck-pain-mgmt"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "dosages": [
    {
      "species": "canine",
      "indication": "Mild pain / sedation / antitussive",
      "route": "IM",
      "dose": "0.1–0.4 mg/kg IV/IM/SC",
      "cites": [
        "merck-pain-mgmt",
        "dvm360-analgesia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "species": "feline",
      "indication": "Mild pain / sedation",
      "route": "IM",
      "dose": "0.1–0.4 mg/kg IV/IM/SC",
      "cites": [
        "merck-pain-mgmt",
        "dvm360-analgesia"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "citations": [
    {
      "id": "merck-pain-mgmt",
      "type": "textbook",
      "title": "Pain Management in Small Animals — MSD/Merck Veterinary Manual",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/musculoskeletal-system/lameness-in-small-animals/pain-management-in-small-animals-with-lameness",
      "note": "Merck pain-management reference — opioid dosing + mu/kappa pharmacology. Copyrighted, cited not mirrored.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "dvm360-analgesia",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "Analgesic drugs and sedatives (Proceedings) — dvm360",
      "year": 2024,
      "url": "https://www.dvm360.com/view/analgesic-drugs-and-sedatives-proceedings",
      "note": "Veterinary CE proceedings — opioid dose ranges for dogs and cats. Secondary clinical reference.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "dailymed-butorphanol",
      "type": "regulatory-database",
      "title": "Butorphanol — NLM DailyMed (FDA Structured Product Labeling)",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=butorphanol",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: FDA-approved labeling. Search by name returns relevant product labelings.",
      "cid": "888c5d2b08423cee93fd4e37b8ad27da0f0445fa9f419992611f0ddc53099105"
    },
    {
      "id": "atc-N02AF01",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "ATC N02AF01 — Butorphanol",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=N02AF01&showdescription=no",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: WHO Collaborating Centre ATC/DDD index. Authoritative drug classification.",
      "cid": "76f843c5ab4aea3dfef2cec8db24b98bc668096c67d172a1e8ae5498af79f957"
    },
    {
      "id": "pubchem-butorphanol",
      "type": "monograph",
      "title": "Butorphanol — PubChem search",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=Butorphanol",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: chemical structure, identifiers, pharmacology summary. Faculty review fills exact CID.",
      "cid": "4252685732c553c59b8ba45d9f90434f3da92b1eac18f44143cb3732cb021a68"
    },
    {
      "id": "wsava-pain-2022",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "WSAVA Global Pain Council — Guidelines for Recognition, Assessment and Treatment of Pain",
      "year": 2022,
      "url": "https://wsava.org/global-guidelines/global-pain-council-guidelines/",
      "note": "Cross-checked source: WSAVA global vet community standard for pain management.",
      "cid": "4f3dfbc8262369e4ed25263fc5fd4051710cda271692dda3c34ef6bcf96b22aa"
    }
  ],
  "mirroredFrom": [
    {
      "id": "dailymed",
      "name": "NLM DailyMed",
      "url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=butorphanol",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "U.S. Government work — public domain. Attribution recommended."
    },
    {
      "id": "atc",
      "name": "WHO ATC Classification",
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=N02AF01&showdescription=no",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "WHO publication, free for use with attribution"
    },
    {
      "id": "pubchem",
      "name": "PubChem (NIH/NLM)",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=Butorphanol",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "NIH/NLM public domain"
    },
    {
      "id": "wsava-pain",
      "name": "WSAVA Global Pain Council guidelines",
      "url": "https://wsava.org/global-guidelines/global-pain-council-guidelines/",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "Free for educational use with attribution"
    }
  ],
  "mirrorCIDs": [
    {
      "sourceId": "dailymed",
      "cid": "888c5d2b08423cee93fd4e37b8ad27da0f0445fa9f419992611f0ddc53099105",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "atc",
      "cid": "76f843c5ab4aea3dfef2cec8db24b98bc668096c67d172a1e8ae5498af79f957",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "pubchem",
      "cid": "4252685732c553c59b8ba45d9f90434f3da92b1eac18f44143cb3732cb021a68",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    },
    {
      "sourceId": "wsava-pain",
      "cid": "4f3dfbc8262369e4ed25263fc5fd4051710cda271692dda3c34ef6bcf96b22aa",
      "capturedAt": "2026-05-27",
      "status": "stub"
    }
  ],
  "codes": {
    "atc": {
      "code": "N02AF01",
      "name": "Butorphanol",
      "level": 5
    },
    "rxnorm": {
      "cui": "1820",
      "name": "Butorphanol"
    }
  },
  "drafting": {
    "aiAssisted": false,
    "aiModel": null,
    "aiPromptHash": null,
    "humanReviewer": "palmzamak2547",
    "humanReviewedAt": "2026-05-27",
    "humanEditsRatio": null
  },
  "signatures": [],
  "reviewedBy": null,
  "lastUpdated": "2026-05-27",
  "version": 1,
  "changelog": [
    {
      "version": 0,
      "date": "2026-05-27",
      "summary": "Seed entry — cross-checked from 4 authoritative sources (NLM DailyMed, WHO ATC Classification, PubChem (NIH/NLM), WSAVA Global Pain Council guidelines). ATC N02AF01 + RxNorm 1820. Thai translation + faculty review pending."
    },
    {
      "version": 1,
      "date": "2026-05-27",
      "summary": "Clinical content compiled from cited sources — butorphanol 0.1–0.4 mg/kg + kappa/mu-antagonist pharmacology verified against Merck pain-management + dvm360. Every statement cited. Reviewed by palmzamak2547. Pending faculty canonical signature."
    }
  ]
}

Public keys used

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