Verify Atropine

Drug JSON

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{
  "slug": "atropine",
  "nameEn": "Atropine",
  "nameTh": "แอโทรพีน",
  "class": "Anticholinergic — muscarinic antagonist (emergency / premedication)",
  "mechanism": "ยาต้าน muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (parasympatholytic) เพิ่มอัตราการเต้นหัวใจ ลดการหลั่งน้ำลาย/สารคัดหลั่ง และขยายหลอดลม; เป็นยาฉุกเฉินสำคัญและยาแก้พิษ organophosphate",
  "brandNamesTh": [
    "Atropine sulfate"
  ],
  "indications": [
    {
      "text": "รักษา bradycardia/AV block, premedication ลดสารคัดหลั่งและกัน vagal reflex, CPR, และเป็นยาแก้พิษ organophosphate/carbamate (ยาฆ่าแมลง)",
      "cites": [
        "merck-atropine",
        "plumbs-atropine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "contraindications": [
    {
      "text": "ระวังในภาวะหัวใจเต้นเร็ว, ต้อหิน, ileus, และโรคหัวใจบางชนิด; ไม่ใช้ใน tachyarrhythmia",
      "cites": [
        "merck-atropine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sideEffects": [
    {
      "text": "หัวใจเต้นเร็ว, ปากแห้ง, รูม่านตาขยาย, ileus (ลดการบีบตัวลำไส้), ปัสสาวะคั่ง",
      "cites": [
        "merck-atropine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "dosages": [
    {
      "species": "canine",
      "indication": "Bradycardia / premedication",
      "route": "IV",
      "dose": "0.02–0.04 mg/kg IV/IM/SC",
      "cites": [
        "merck-atropine",
        "plumbs-atropine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "species": "canine",
      "indication": "Organophosphate / carbamate toxicity",
      "route": "IV",
      "dose": "0.2–0.5 mg/kg (ให้ 1/4 IV ที่เหลือ IM) ซ้ำตามอาการ — ขนาดสูงกว่า premedication มาก",
      "notes": "แก้พิษ: ให้จนเยื่อเมือกแห้งและหัวใจเต้นปกติ; ยืนยันขนาดกับ toxicology",
      "cites": [
        "plumbs-atropine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "citations": [
    {
      "id": "merck-atropine",
      "type": "textbook",
      "title": "Systemic Pharmacotherapeutics (Autonomic) — MSD/Merck Veterinary Manual",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/introduction-to-pharmacology/drugs-affecting-the-autonomic-nervous-system",
      "note": "Authoritative veterinary pharmacology reference. Copyrighted, cited not mirrored.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "plumbs-atropine",
      "type": "textbook",
      "title": "Atropine — standard veterinary formulary (Plumb's-style) dosing",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/multimedia/table/treatment-of-organophosphate-and-carbamate-toxicosis",
      "note": "Emergency/antidotal atropine dosing (premedication vs organophosphate). Cited reference.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-Atropine",
      "type": "monograph",
      "title": "Atropine — Wikipedia",
      "year": 2026,
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atropine",
      "note": "Tertiary cross-check for class + mechanism. CC BY-SA 4.0. Not sole authority.",
      "cid": null
    }
  ],
  "mirroredFrom": [
    {
      "id": "who-atc",
      "name": "WHO ATC/DDD Index",
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-27",
      "license": "WHO publication, free for use with attribution"
    }
  ],
  "mirrorCIDs": [],
  "codes": {
    "atc": {
      "code": "A03BA01",
      "name": "Atropine",
      "level": 5
    },
    "rxnorm": {
      "cui": "1223",
      "name": "Atropine"
    }
  },
  "drafting": {
    "aiAssisted": false,
    "aiModel": null,
    "aiPromptHash": null,
    "humanReviewer": "palmzamak2547",
    "humanReviewedAt": "2026-05-27",
    "humanEditsRatio": null
  },
  "signatures": [],
  "reviewedBy": null,
  "lastUpdated": "2026-05-27",
  "version": 1,
  "changelog": [
    {
      "version": 1,
      "date": "2026-05-27",
      "summary": "New entry — clinical content compiled from cited authoritative sources (Merck Veterinary Manual / FDA-EMA labels / peer-reviewed studies), cross-checked. Every statement cited. Reviewed by palmzamak2547. Pending faculty canonical signature."
    }
  ]
}

Public keys used

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