Verify Albuterol (salbutamol)

Drug JSON

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{
  "slug": "albuterol",
  "nameEn": "Albuterol (salbutamol)",
  "nameTh": "อัลบูเทอรอล (ซัลบูทามอล)",
  "class": "Respiratory — short-acting beta-2 agonist (rescue bronchodilator)",
  "mechanism": "กระตุ้น β2-adrenergic receptor คลายกล้ามเนื้อเรียบหลอดลมอย่างรวดเร็ว (rescue bronchodilator); ในแมวให้ทางสูดพ่น (MDI + AeroKat spacer) สำหรับ asthma attack",
  "brandNamesTh": [
    "Ventolin",
    "Proventil",
    "AeroKat (spacer)"
  ],
  "indications": [
    {
      "text": "rescue ภาวะหลอดลมหดเกร็งเฉียบพลันในโรคหืดแมว (feline asthma attack) และหลอดลมอักเสบสุนัข; ให้ทางสูดพ่น (inhaled) เป็นหลัก",
      "cites": [
        "tvp-albuterol",
        "merck-inhalation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "contraindications": [
    {
      "text": "⚠️ ใช้เป็น rescue เท่านั้น ไม่ใช่ maintenance — racemic albuterol (S-enantiomer) ทำให้การอักเสบแย่ลงเมื่อใช้บ่อย; ใช้ร่วม inhaled corticosteroid เป็น maintenance; ระวังในโรคหัวใจ",
      "cites": [
        "tvp-albuterol"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sideEffects": [
    {
      "text": "หัวใจเต้นเร็ว, ตัวสั่น, กระสับกระส่าย, K+ ต่ำเมื่อขนาดสูง; การใช้บ่อยเกินส่งเสริมการอักเสบในทางเดินหายใจ",
      "cites": [
        "tvp-albuterol"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "dosages": [
    {
      "species": "feline",
      "indication": "Acute bronchospasm (asthma rescue)",
      "route": "inhaled",
      "dose": "90–100 mcg (1 puff MDI) ผ่าน spacer (AeroKat) ตามต้องการ; งานวิจัยใช้ ~500 mcg ทุก 2 ชม. เมื่อจำเป็นในภาวะวิกฤต",
      "cites": [
        "tvp-albuterol",
        "merck-inhalation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "species": "canine",
      "indication": "Bronchospasm",
      "route": "inhaled",
      "dose": "90 mcg (1–2 puffs MDI) ผ่าน spacer ตามต้องการ",
      "cites": [
        "merck-inhalation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "citations": [
    {
      "id": "tvp-albuterol",
      "type": "guideline",
      "title": "Albuterol Sulfate for Cats — Today's Veterinary Practice",
      "url": "https://todaysveterinarypractice.com/pharmacology/albuterol-sulfate-for-cats/",
      "year": 2025,
      "note": "Clinical veterinary drug reference.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "merck-inhalation",
      "type": "textbook",
      "title": "Inhalation Treatment of Airway Disease — MSD/Merck Veterinary Manual",
      "year": 2025,
      "url": "https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/systemic-pharmacotherapeutics-of-the-respiratory-system/inhalation-treatment-of-airway-disease-in-animals",
      "note": "Authoritative veterinary pharmacology reference. Copyrighted, cited not mirrored.",
      "cid": null
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-salbutamol",
      "type": "monograph",
      "title": "Salbutamol (albuterol) — Wikipedia",
      "year": 2026,
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salbutamol",
      "note": "Tertiary cross-check for class + mechanism. CC BY-SA 4.0. Not sole authority.",
      "cid": null
    }
  ],
  "mirroredFrom": [
    {
      "id": "who-atc",
      "name": "WHO ATC/DDD Index",
      "url": "https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/",
      "asOfDate": "2026-05-30",
      "license": "WHO publication, free for use with attribution"
    }
  ],
  "mirrorCIDs": [],
  "codes": {
    "atc": {
      "code": "R03AC02",
      "name": "Salbutamol (albuterol)",
      "level": 5
    }
  },
  "drafting": {
    "aiAssisted": false,
    "aiModel": null,
    "aiPromptHash": null,
    "humanReviewer": "palmzamak2547",
    "humanReviewedAt": "2026-05-30",
    "humanEditsRatio": null
  },
  "signatures": [],
  "reviewedBy": null,
  "lastUpdated": "2026-05-30",
  "version": 1,
  "changelog": [
    {
      "version": 1,
      "date": "2026-05-30",
      "summary": "New entry — clinical content compiled from cited authoritative sources (Merck Veterinary Manual / FDA-EMA labels / VSSO / Today's Vet Practice / peer-reviewed), cross-checked. Every statement cited. Reviewed by palmzamak2547. Pending faculty canonical signature."
    }
  ]
}

Public keys used

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